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2.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 34(4): 209-216, dic. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214619

RESUMO

Introducción: Hay poca información actualizada sobre las características clínicas y la gravedad de los pacientes con EPOC que ingresan por una agudización. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar a los pacientes que ingresan por agudización de EPOC según la limitación al flujo aéreo: obstrucción leve (Volumen Espiratorio Forzado en el primer segundo [VEF1] ≥ 80%); moderada (VEF1 50 - 79%); grave (VEF1 30 - 49%); o muy grave (VEF1 <3 0%).Métodos: Realizamos un análisis post-hoc del ensayo clínico multicéntrico SLICE (Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations), que reclutó pacientes consecutivos con agudización de EPOC que requirieron ingreso en 18 hospitales españoles en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 2014 y julio de 2020.Resultados: Incluimos 737 pacientes, con una edad media (DE) de 70,2 ± 9,9 años, y un predominio de hombres (73,5%). La espirometría clasificó a los pacientes con obstrucción leve, moderada, grave o muy grave en el 8%, 31,5%, 45% y el 15,5%, respectivamente. Al comparar a los pacientes de acuerdo al grado de obstrucción, observamos que los pacientes con mayor obstrucción al flujo aéreo eran más jóvenes (leve: 71,7 ± 8,8, moderada: 72,4 ± 10, grave: 70,2 ± 9,8, muy grave: 66,6 ± 9,2; p < 0,001), presentaban más insuficiencia respiratoria crónica (37,3% vs. 30,2% vs. 44,9% vs. 64,3%; p < 0,001), presentaban más cianosis (5,8% vs. 5,9% vs. 8,5% vs. 15,3%; p < 0,001), presentaron mayor porcentaje de agudizaciones y estaban más taquicárdicos a su llegada al centro hospitalario (92 ± 16 latidos por minuto [lpm] vs. 94 ± 18 vs. 96 ± 18 lpm vs. 99 ± 18 lpm; p < 0,001). Además, la gasometría arterial al ingreso mostraba un pH menor y una pCO2 mayor cuanto más grave era la obstrucción al flujo aéreo (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La gravedad de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo se asocia con la forma de presentación y el resultado de la gasometría arterial del paciente con agudización de EPOC que requiere ingreso hospitalario. (AU)


Introduction: There is little up-to-date information on the clinical characteristics and severity of COPD patients admitted for an exacerbation. Our objective was to characterize patients admitted due to COPD exacerbation according to airflow limitation: mild obstruction (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1] ≥ 80%); moderate (FEV1 50 - 79%); severe (FEV1 30 - 49%); or very severe (FEV1 <3 0%).Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of the multicenter clinical trial SLICE (Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations), which recruited consecutive patients with COPD exacerbation who required admission to 18 Spanish hospitals in the period between September 2014 and July 2020.Results: We included 737 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 70.2 ± 9.9 years, and a predominance of men (73.5%). Spirometry classified patients with mild, moderate, severe, or very severe obstruction in 8%, 31.5%, 45%, and 15.5%, respectively. When comparing the patients according to the degree of obstruction, we observed that the patients with greater airflow obstruction were younger (mild: 71.7 ± 8.8, moderate: 72.4 ± 10, severe: 70.2 ± 9.8, very severe: 66.6 ± 9.2; p < 0.001), had more chronic respiratory failure (37.3% vs. 30.2% vs. 44.9% vs. 64.3%; p < 0.001), had more cyanosis (5.8% vs. 5.9% vs. 8.5% vs. 15.3%; p < 0.001), had a higher percentage of exacerbations and were more tachycardic on arrival at the center hospital (92 ± 16 beats per minute [bpm] vs. 94 ± 18 vs. 96 ± 18 bpm vs. 99 ± 18 bpm; p < 0.001). In addition, arterial blood gases on admission showed a lower pH and a higher pCO2 the more severe the airflow obstruction was (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The severity of the airflow obstruction is associated with the form of presentation and the result of the arterial blood gases of the patient with COPD exacerbation who requires hospital admission. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Exacerbação dos Sintomas , Espanha , Hospitalização , Espirometria
3.
Blood ; 140(16): 1764-1773, 2022 10 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35925686

RESUMO

Preliminary data and clinical experience have suggested an increased risk of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in women of reproductive age treated with anticoagulants, but solid data are lacking. The TEAM-VTE study was an international multicenter prospective cohort study in women aged 18 to 50 years diagnosed with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). Menstrual blood loss was measured by pictorial blood loss assessment charts at baseline for the last menstrual cycle before VTE diagnosis and prospectively for each cycle during 3 to 6 months of follow-up. AUB was defined as an increased score on the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (>100 or >150) or self-reported AUB. AUB-related quality of life (QoL) was assessed at baseline and the end of follow-up using the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire. The study was terminated early because of slow recruitment attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 98 women, 65 (66%) met at least one of the 3 definitions of AUB during follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI], 57%-75%). AUB occurred in 60% of women (36 of 60) without AUB before VTE diagnosis (new-onset AUB; 95% CI, 47%-71%). Overall, QoL decreased over time, with a mean Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire score increase of 5.1 points (95% CI, 2.2-7.9), but this decrease in QoL was observed only among women with new-onset AUB. To conclude, 2 of every 3 women who start anticoagulation for acute VTE experience AUB, with a considerable negative impact on QoL. These findings should be a call to action to increase awareness and provide evidence-based strategies to prevent and treat AUB in this setting. This was an academic study registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04748393; no funding was received.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Feminino , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos , Pandemias , Hemorragia Uterina/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia Uterina/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos
4.
Ann Med ; 52(6): 310-320, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32634035

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The relationship between cancer and venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) are complex because the activated coagulation factors are not only involved in thrombosis but also in malignant processes, such as angiogenesis and metastasis. OBJECTIVE: To compare phenotypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and levels of D-dimer, soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and antigenic tissue factor (TF) between unprovoked VTD patients, who did not develop cancer during one-year follow-up, and those with advanced stage of cancer but not associated with VTD. METHODS: A prospective study in which we included 138 unprovoked VTD patients and 67 advanced cancer patients, who did not develop thrombosis. Levels of EVs of different cellular origin (platelet, endothelium and leukocyte), EVs positive for tissue factor (TF) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 were quantified by flow cytometry. D-dimer, soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and antigenic TF were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: TF-positive EVs, D-dimer, and sP-selectin were markedly elevated in unprovoked VTD patients compared to cancer patients without association with thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of TF-positive EVs, D-dimer and sP-selectin are able to discriminate between unprovoked VTD patients not related to cancer and cancer patients not associated with VTD. These results could lead to the application of EVs as biomarkers of both diseases. Key messages: Circulating EVs, specifically TF-positive EVs, in combination with plasmatic markers of hypercoagulable states, such as D-dimer, sP-selectin and antigen TF, are able to discriminate between cancer patients without thrombosis and patients with unprovoked VTD. Research fields could be opened. Future studies will assess if these biomarkers together serve as predicting thrombotic events in cancer populations.


Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Neoplasias/sangue , Tromboembolia/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Tromboplastina/análise
7.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 31(4): 249-258, dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187185

RESUMO

La asociación entre cáncer y enfermedad tromboembólica (ETV) se encuentra bien establecida. La ETV presenta una elevada morbimortalidad, objetivándose un incremento del riesgo de ETV hasta 4 veces mayor en aquellos pacientes con cáncer respecto a la población general. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia científica sobre la CVRS (calidad de vida relacionada con la salud) en pacientes oncológicos con ETV, cuando es presumible que esta patología suponga un agravante sobre la percepción del estado de salud de los pacientes oncológicos. Nuestro objetivo es presentar el estudio "QCa Study", el cual pretende evaluar la CVRS de los pacientes oncológicos con ETV aguda sintomática en comparación con pacientes oncológicos sin ETV. "QCa study" es un estudio nacional de cohortes, prospectivo, de casos y controles en pacientes con cáncer activo. Definimos "caso" como aquel paciente oncológico con ETV aguda sintomática, y "control" aquel paciente oncológico sin ETV aguda sintomática. Los criterios de inclusión son: para los casos: presentar cáncer activo al momento de la inclusión. Tener más de 18 años, pacientes diagnosticados de trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) en miembros inferiores aguda sintomática o de embolia de pulmón (EP) confirmado de forma objetiva mediante pruebas de imagen y firma del consentimiento informado. Para los controles; presentar cáncer activo. Tener más de 18 años. Firma del consentimiento informado. Dado los escasos datos publicados respecto a la CVRS en pacientes con ETV, hemos diseñado el estudio Qca, para poder determinar el impacto que genera la ETV en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer


The association between cancer and venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) is well established. VTD presents a high rate of morbidity and mortality, with patients with cancer showing an increased risk of VTD that is up to 4 times greater than the general population. However, there is little scientific evidence on HRQoL (health-related quality of life) in cancer patients with VTD when this disease is likely to be an aggravating factor in perceived state of health among cancer patients. Our objective is to present the QCa study, which aims to evaluate the HRQoL of cancer patients with acute symptomatic VTD in comparison with cancer patients without VTD. The QCa study is a prospective, case-control national cohort study in patients with active cancer. We define "case" as a cancer patient with acute symptomatic VTD and "control" as a cancer patient without acute symptomatic VTD. Inclusion criteria for cases were: having active cancer at the time of inclusion, being over the age of 18, patients diagnosed with acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities or pulmonary embolism (EP) that was objectively confirmed through imaging tests, and having signed the informed consent. For the controls: having active cancer, being over the age of 18, and having signed the informed consent. Given the scarce data published with regard to HRQoL in patients with VTD, we designed the QCa study to determine the impact VTD has on the quality of life of patients with cancer


Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Nível de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Antropometria
8.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 31(3): 174-178, oct. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187172

RESUMO

Introducción: desde la aparición de la terapia antiretroviral la supervivencia de los pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) ha aumentado considerablemente tomando importancia la aparición de otras patologías crónicas en estos pacientes como puede ser la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la incidencia de EPOC en una cohorte de pacientes VIH derivados en un programa de detección de hipertensión pulmonar (HTP). Material y Métodos: análisis post-hoc, de un prospectivo, pseudo-experimental de pacientes con infección del VIH a los que se les preguntaba por disnea y en caso afirmativo eran derivados a consultas de neumología para despistaje de HTP. Resultado: desde 2014 hasta 2016, reclutamos un total de 32 pacientes, con un predominio de varones (75%). La disnea según la mMRC (Medical Reserach Council) fue grado 1, 2 y 3 en el 37,5%, 43,8% y 18,8%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue del 87,1% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 71- 96,4%), y 18 pacientes fueron catalogados de EPOC (62%; IC95%: 42,2 - 79,3%). Conclusión: la incidencia de EPOC en nuestra serie fue muy superior a la de la población general. Es necesario plantear estrategias de búsqueda activa de EPOC en estos pacientes para un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz


Introduction: Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the survival of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has considerably increased, with the occurrence of other chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) gaining importance in these patients. Our objective was to find out the incidence of COPD in a cohort of HIV patients that were referred to a program to detect pulmonary hypertension (PH). Materials and Methods: Post hoc analysis of a prospective, quasi-experimental study on HIV-infected patients who were asked whether they had dyspnea. If this was the case, they were referred to a pulmonologist for PH screening. Results: From 2014 to 2016, we recruited a total of 32 patients, with a predominance of male recruits (75%). According to the mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale, 37.5%, 43.8% and 18.8% were classified as Grade 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The prevalence of smoking was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71 - 96.4%), and 18 patients were classified with COPD (62%; 95% CI: 42.2 - 79.3%). Conclusion: The incidence of COPD in our sample was much higher than that of the general population. It is necessary to plan active search strategies for COPD in these patients for early diagnosis and treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Estudos de Coortes , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , HIV , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Dispneia/etiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Tabagismo/prevenção & controle , Tabagismo/terapia
9.
Thromb Res ; 176: 79-84, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30780008

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be the first manifestation of an underlying cancer. We aimed to assess the period prevalence of occult cancer detection stratified by VTE location (deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE] or both) and the anatomical relationship between occult cancer and VTE. METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of adults with unprovoked VTE with at least 12 months of follow-up. Cancer types were grouped according to thoracic, abdomino-pelvic, or other locations. RESULTS: A total of 2300 patients were eligible including 1218 with DVT only (53%), 719 with PE only (31%), and 363 with both PE and DVT (16%). The pooled 12-month period prevalence of cancer in DVT only, PE only, and DVT + PE was 5.6% (95% CI, 4.4 to 7.2), 4.3% (95% CI, 2.7 to 6.9), and 5.6% (95% CI, 1.7 to 15.5), respectively. Most occult cancers were located in the abdomen (68.4%). The proportion of patients with an abdomino-pelvic cancer was not different in patients with DVT + PE (81%; 95% CI, 54 to 96) than in those with DVT (68%; 95% CI, 57 to 78) or PE alone (65%; 95% CI, 48 to 79). CONCLUSION: The 12-month prevalence of occult cancer was similar in patients with DVT only, PE only, or both. Most cancers were located in the abdomen, and there was no relationship between VTE type and cancer location.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Tromboembolia Venosa/complicações , Humanos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
10.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 29(4): 226-231, dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170399

RESUMO

Las micropartículas (MPs) son unas vesículas extracelulares consideradas potentes efectores celulares. Están presentes en individuos sanos y se encuentran elevadas en estados patológicos como enfermedades inflamatorias, neoplásicas y trombosis. La relación entre enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) y cáncer está bien establecida. Se piensa que las MPs serían una conexión patogénica entre ambas entidades. De confirmarse, podrían utilizarse como biomarcadores. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar las MPs en ambas patologías atendiendo a su origen celular (celular, endotelial, plaquetar, leucocitario y las que exhibían en su superficie mucina 1). También se estudiaron parámetros funcionales como el dímero D (DD) y la P-selectina soluble (sPS). Se consideraron 96 pacientes con ETV idiopática y 85 con neoplasias avanzadas de pulmón, gástrico o páncreas. A todos ellos se les realizó un seguimiento clínico de dos años en el que se excluyeron del estudio aquellos que fueron diagnosticados de cáncer en el grupo de ETV o que desarrollaron trombosis en el grupo de pacientes neoplásicos. Finalmente, se analizaron 82 pacientes con ETV y 68 con cáncer. En nuestros resultados encontramos que las MPs totales y las MPs de origen plaquetar diferenciaban ambos grupos de pacientes. Además, se determinaron cifras significativamente mayores de DD y sPS (p <0,001) en el grupo de ETV. Las diferencias encontradas entre ambos grupos, teniendo en cuenta el origen de las MPs, podrían estar causadas por las características protrombóticas del grupo neoplásico y por el secuestro de las mismas dentro de los coágulos activos en el grupo de ETV


Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles considered to be powerful cellular effectors. They are present in healthy individuals and are elevated in pathological conditions such as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, and thrombosis. The relationship between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer has been well established. MPs are thought to be a pathogenic connection between the two entities. If confirmed, they could be used as biomarkers. Our aim was to characterize the MPs in both diseases according to their cellular origin (cellular, endothelial, platelet, leukocyte and those that exhibited mucin 1 on their surface). Functional parameters such as D-dimer (DD) and soluble P-selectin (sPsel) were also studied. 96 patients with idiopathic VTE and 85 with advanced lung, stomach or pancreatic neoplasia were considered. All of them were followed clinically for two years and those who were diagnosed with cancer in the VTE group or those who developed thrombosis in the group of neoplastic patients were excluded from the study. Finally, 82 VTE patients and 68 cancer patients were analyzed. In our results, we found that total MPs and platelet-derived MPs differentiated both patient groups. Additionally, significantly greater numbers of DD and sPsel (p <0.001) were determined in the VTE group. The differences found between both groups, taking into account the origin of the MPs, could be caused by the prothrombotic characteristics of the neoplastic group and their sequestration within active clots in the VTE group


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Tromboembolia Venosa/complicações , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células , Biomarcadores/análise , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Pulmão/citologia , Estudos Prospectivos
11.
J Thromb Haemost ; 15(11): 2184-2187, 2017 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28875565

RESUMO

Essentials Patients at high-risk of occult cancer may benefit from extensive screening. We validated the RIETE cancer score in the MVTEP study. One in three patients were classified as high-risk, 10% of whom had cancer diagnosed. The RIETE score identifies a subgroup at high risk for cancer. SUMMARY: Background Most recent trials evaluating extensive screening strategies for occult cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism have failed, because, among other reasons, of an overall low rate of occult cancer. The RIETE investigators recently proposed a score aimed at identifying a subgroup at higher risk. Methods We retrospectively computed the RIETE score for all patients included in the MVTEP study, which evaluated the accuracy of [¹8F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in the screening of occult cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism. Performance of the RIETE score was assessed according to the proportion of patients classified in each risk group, and the corresponding rates of cancer diagnosis. Results Among the 386 patients included in the analysis, 136 patients (35.3%) were classified as high risk by the RIETE score. Cancer was diagnosed in 16 (11.8%) of them, whereas it was diagnosed in nine (3.6%) of the 250 patients with a low RIETE cancer score: odds ratio of 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-8.32). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63 (95% CI 0.51-0.74). Conclusion The RIETE score seems to be able to identify a subgroup at high risk for cancer (10%) in our specific dataset of patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Neoplasias/complicações , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Razão de Chances , Contagem de Plaquetas , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Tromboembolia Venosa/sangue , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem
14.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 28(2,supl.1): 46-55, mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155165

RESUMO

La trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y el tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) son manifestaciones clínicas distintas de una misma enfermedad, la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV). La ecografía de miembros inferiores es la técnica de imagen de elección para el diagnóstico de la TVP. Para el neumólogo, cuyo objetivo sería el diagnóstico de la TVP, no es necesario realizar una ecografía doppler, ya que se puede hacer el diagnóstico mediante ecografía compresiva bidimensional en escala de grises. El signo ecográfico más sensible (S) y específico (E) para el diagnóstico de TVP de miembros inferiores es la falta de compresibilidad de la vena (S 91% y E 99%). Además, nos puede dar un diagnóstico alternativo distinto a la TVP. Tanto la ecografía compresiva en dos puntos, realizada de forma seriada, como la ecografía compresiva completa única, son técnicas ecográficas que han demostrado ser seguras para descartar TVP, con una baja incidencia de ETV a los 3 meses de seguimiento. La ecografía torácica es útil clínicamente para el diagnóstico del TEP y puede ser una alternativa al angioTAC de tórax en grupos especiales de pacientes, como enfermos renales o embarazadas. El hallazgo ecográfico más característico es la existencia de una zona hipoecoica de base pleural y morfología triangular, localizada en la zona donde el paciente ha tenido dolor pleurítico. Además de hallazgos parenquimatosos, podemos encontrar hallazgos vasculares y pleurales. La sensibilidad de la ecografía para el diagnóstico de TEP es del 74% y la especificidad del 95%. Su principal limitación es que sólo permite detectar lesiones tromboembólicas que afecten a la periferia. La ecografía multiórgano (miembros inferiores, corazón y tórax) ha demostrado mejores resultados que la ecografía de cada órgano por separado en la sospecha de TEP y podría ser útil para seleccionar a aquellos pacientes a los que no habría que realizar angioTAC de tórax


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia , Tromboembolia Venosa , Extremidade Inferior/patologia , Extremidade Inferior , Trombose Venosa , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Derrame Pleural , Diagnóstico Diferencial
15.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 28(1): 16-25, ene. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149673

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: analizar características demográficas, clínicas y pronósticas, en pacientes que requirieron de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) durante su ingreso en planta de hospitalización e identificar variables asociadas a mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional prospectivo sobre pacientes hospitalizados que requirieron tratamiento con VMNI por parte del servicio de Neumología. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 222 pacientes, 55% varones, con edad media de 71,8 +/- 15,7 años. El pH y la PCO2 de inicio de VMNI fue de 7,28 +/- 0,09, 70,6 +/- 19,9 mmHg, respectivamente (media +/- desviación estándar). La puntuación media de la escala de Glasgow fue 13,29 y de la escala de Charlson 3,0. Los diagnósticos presentes al inicio de la VMNI, por orden de frecuencia, fueron: insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (52%), agudización de EPOC (32%), síndrome obesidad hipoventilación (SOH) (22%), neumonía (13%), neumonía en inmunodeprimido (12%) y toma de sedantes (10%). Los pacientes podían tener uno o más de un diagnóstico. Fallecieron 69 pacientes, siendo la mortalidad intrahospitalaria del 31%. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 9,16 días. Aquellas variables asociadas a una mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria fueron (odds ratio ajustada [IC del 95%]) la presencia de SOH (0,20 [0,07 - 0,51]), neumonía (1,99 [1,01 - 4,00]), neumonía en paciente inmunodeprimido (3,90 [1,69 - 8,94] (p = 0,001), neoplasia (2,78 [1,28 - 6,01] y el inicio de VMNI en pacientes con un Glasgow < 11 (2,60 [1,75 - 3,83]). CONCLUSIONES: nuestro trabajo permite evidenciar la utilidad de la VMNI en una planta de hospitalización en pacientes no candidatos a UCI o con orden de no intubación. Al igual que los ensayos clínicos, los estudios en vida real permiten generar hipótesis y planificar áreas de mejora, sobre todo en aquellos pacientes que no son subsidiarios de participar en ensayos clínicos


OBJECTIVES: to analyze prognostic demographic, clinical and patients requiring noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during admission ward and identify variables associated with increased hospital mortality. METHODS: prospective observational study of hospitalized patients requiring treatment with NIV by the Service of Pneumology. RESULTS: 222 patients were included, 55% male, mean age 71.8 +/- 15.7 years. PH, pO2 and pCO2 NIV start was 7,28 +/- 0,09, 70,6 +/- 19,9 mmHg (mean +/- standard deviation). The average score was 13.29 Glasgow scale and the Charlson scale of 3.0. Diagnostics presented to establish NIV, in order of frequency, were: congestive heart failure (52%), exacerbation of COPD (32%), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) (22%), pneumonia (13%), pneumonia in immunosuppressed (12%) and use of sedatives (10%). Patients could have one or more than one diagnosis. 69 patients died, with hospital mortality of 31%. The mean hospital stay was 9.16 days. Those variables associated with increased hospital mortality were (adjusted odds ratio [95%]) the presence of SOH (0.20 [0.07 to 0.51]), pneumonia (1.99 [1.01 to 4,00]), pneumonia in immunocompromised patients (3.90 [1.69 to 8.94] (p = 0.001), neoplasia (2.78 [1.28 to 6.01] and the start of NIV in patients with a Glasgow score< 11 (2.60 [1.75 to 3.83]). CONCLUSIONS: Our work makes evident the usefulness of NIV in a ward for patients not candidates for ICU or with non-intubation order. As clinical trials, studies in real life can generate hypotheses and planning areas for improvement, especially in patients who are not subsidiary to clinical trials


Assuntos
Humanos , Respiração Artificial , Insuficiência Respiratória/mortalidade , Síndrome Torácica Aguda/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Mortalidade Hospitalar
16.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 28(1): 29-37, ene. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149674

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: nuestro grupo ha comenzado un trabajo para estudiar la relación entre la incidencia de TEP y la contaminación ambiental. Para establecer una relación, es una condición metodológica fundamental contar con todos los casos incidentes en un periodo de tiempo. Por este motivo diseñamos este estudio, para valorar la eficacia de recogida de pacientes consecutivos con TEP. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: realizamos un estudio ambispectivo, multicéntrico, de un año de duración. En una primera fase se incluyeron prospectivamente todos los casos que ingresaron con diagnóstico de TEP y posteriormente, de forma retrospectiva, realizamos una revisión de los registros hospitalarios de cada uno de los centros participantes. Así, calculamos la eficacia dividiendo el número de casos incidentes en fase prospectiva por el número total de casos reclutados en ambas fases. RESULTADOS: desde febrero 2012 a febrero 2013 se reclutaron 839 pacientes (440 prospectivamente). El reclutamiento prospectivo presentó una eficacia de detección de TEP del 52,4%, mostrando variabilidad según el centro (29,3 - 100%). Cuando analizamos sólo a los pacientes con TEP agudo sintomático idiopático, la eficacia fue del 59,8 %, con variabilidad según centro (31,7 - 100%). La eficacia de reclutamiento de pacientes con TEP secundario o idiopático fue de 42,1% vs. 59,8%, respectivamente (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: en los estudios prospectivos, el porcentaje de pacientes no diagnosticados no es desdeñable. Los resultados de este estudio nos deben hacer pensar en estrategias adicionales para reclutar pacientes consecutivos de forma correcta, principalmente en aquellos estudios donde la pérdida de pacientes supondría un sesgo a la hora de emitir conclusiones


INTRODUCTION: we are studying the relationship between the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and air pollution, and all symptomatic PE were needed over a period of time to establish a relationship. For this reason we designed this study, to assess the efficacy of collection consecutive patients with PE. METHODS: ambispective, multicenter study, from February 2012 to February 2013. In the first phase, we included prospectively all cases admitted at the hospital with PE diagnosis, and in the second phase, we reviewed retrospectively, hospital records from each participating center. So, we calculate the efficacy by dividing the number of incident cases in prospective phase by the total number of cases recruited in both phases. RESULTS: during one year, 839 patients were recruited (440 prospectively). The prospective recruitment presented a PE efficacy detection of 52.4%, showing variability according to the center between 29.3 to 100%. When we analyzed only patients with idiopathic symptomatic PE, efficacy was 59.8%, with variability according to the center between 31.7 to 100%. The recruitment efficacy of patients with secondary or idiopathic PE was 42.1% vs. 59.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A wide percentage of patients can pass up from prospectives studies. The results of this study try to make us think, that we need more strategies to get a good recruit of consecutive patients, especially in those studies where is essential collect all patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Tromboembolia Venosa/complicações , Prognóstico , Risco Ajustado/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Erros de Diagnóstico/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
17.
Rev. patol. respir ; 18(3): 121-123, jul.-sept. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144251

RESUMO

La enfermedad veno oclusiva pulmonar (EVOP) es un síndrome clínico-patológico infrecuente que se asocia a hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP). La respuesta paradójica a prostanoides nos debe hacer sospechar en esta entidad, aunque esta situación es muy infrecuente. Además, el planteamiento terapéutico de este tipo de pacientes es muy controvertido porque los pacientes pueden presentar empeoramiento clínico con al realizar tratamiento con vasodilatadores. Presentamos un caso de un varón de 39 años diagnosticado de EVOP con respuesta paradójica a prostanoides y revisamos las controversias en cuanto a la actitud terapéutica


Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare clinic-pathologic syndrome that is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The paradoxical response to prostanoids should make us suspect this entity, although this is unusual. The therapeutic approach to these patients is highly controversial because they can develop clinical worsening using vasodilators. We present a case of a 39 years old male diagnosed with (PVOD) and paradoxical response to prostanoids. Also, we review the controversies regarding the therapeutic approach


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Hipertensão Pulmonar/metabolismo , Hipertensão Pulmonar/patologia , Pneumopatia Veno-Oclusiva/patologia , Prostaglandinas/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Dispneia/metabolismo , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Pneumopatia Veno-Oclusiva/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas/farmacologia , Carcinoma/complicações , Dispneia/complicações , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismo
19.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 25(4): 255-262, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118437

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: investigar si los pacientes con ETV presentan diferencias en la cuantificación de marcadores inflamatorios de disfunción endotelial (IL-6 y IL8) en fase estable. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: pacientes con ETV aguda sintomática de cualquier causa en los que, a los 3 meses de seguimiento, se les realizó una determinación de IL-6 e IL-8. Los pacien tes con ETV los dividimos en 3 grupos según la etiología del evento: 1) ETV idiopático. 2) ETV 2º a cáncer. 3) ETV 2º a otra causa. RESULTADOS: la muestra fue de 77 pacientes. La distribución de los pacientes según la etiología de la ETV fue la siguiente: ETV idiopático (n=40). ETV 2º a cáncer (n=26). ETV 2º a otra etiología (n=11). La mediana de IL-6 para cada uno de los grupos fue: ETV idiopática 2,96 pg/ml, ETV secundaria a cáncer 3,87 pg/ml y ETV secundaria a otra etiología 2,30 pg/ml. La mediana de IL-8 para cada uno de los grupos fue de 0,00 pg/ml. Cuando comparamos las dos determinaciones en los 3 grupos según la etiología del evento: 1) ETV idiopático. 2) ETV 2º a cáncer. 3) ETV 2º a otra causa. RESULTADOS: la muestra fue de 77 pacientes. La distribución de los pacientes según la etiología de la ETV fue la siguiente: ETV idiopático (n=40). ETV 2º a cáncer (n=26). ETV 2º a otra etiología (n=11). La mediana de IL-6 para cada uno de los grupos fue: ETV idiopática 2,96 pg/ml, ETV secundaria a cáncer 3,87 pg/ml y ETV secundaria a otra etiología 2,30 pg/ml. La mediana de IL-8 para cada uno de los grupos fue de 0,00 pg/ml. Cuando comparamos las dos determinaciones en los 3 grupos obser-vamos como no hay diferencias significativas entre ellos, aun-que existía cierta tendencia a la significación estadística en la determinación de IL-6 (p = 0,054). CONCLUSIONES: los marcadores inflamatorios de disfunción endotelial (IL-6 y IL8) no mostraron diferencias significativas en los tres grupos, aunque un incremento de la muestra podría evidenciar diferencias de la IL-6 entre los tres grupos. A los tres meses de tratamiento los niveles medios de IL-8 son inde-tectables en los 3 grupos


OBJECTIVE: to investigate whether patients with VTD present differences in the quantification of endothelial dys-function inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL8) during the stable phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: patients with symptomatic acute VTD of any cause and who, at the 3 months follow-up, had determina-tion for IL-6 and IL-8 performed. The patients with VTD were divided into three groups according to the etiology of the event: 1) idiopathic VTD, 2) VTD secondary to cancer, 3) VTD secondary to another cause. RESULTS: there were 77 patients in the sample. The distribution of the patients according to the etiology of the VTD was as fo-llowing: idiopathic VTD (n=40). VTD secondary to cancer (n=26). VTD secondary to another cause (n=11). The median of IL-6 for each one of the groups was: idiopathic VTD 2.96 pg/ml. VTD secondary to cancer 3.87 pg/ml. VTD secondary to another cause 2.30 pg/ml. The median of IL-8 for each one of the groups at three months was 0.00 pg/ml. When we compared the two determinations in the three groups, we observed that there were no significant differences between them, although there was a certain tenden-cy towards statistical significance in the determination of IL-6 (p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS: the endothelial dysfunction inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL8) did not show significant differences in the three groups, although an increase in the size of the sample could lead to differences being found in the IL-6 between the three groups. After three months of treatment, the median levels of IL-8 are indetectables in the three groups


Assuntos
Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/análise , Células Endoteliais , Interleucina-8/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Embolia Pulmonar/fisiopatologia
20.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 25(3): 201-208, jul.-sept. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117714

RESUMO

La prevalencia de la obesidad es cada vez mayor, y además se ha observado una relación estrecha entre el exceso de peso y la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. Las complicaciones postoperatorias en este grupo de pacientes son sobre todo pulmonares. Por ello planteamos la realización de una revisión de la fisiología y fisiopatología del paciente obeso, de las complicaciones respiratorias de los pacientes obesos, de la utilidad de la ventilación no invasiva en la inducción anestésica del paciente obeso y de la ventilación no invasiva en el postoperatorio in-mediato del paciente obeso


Prevalence of obesity is increasing, and has also observed a close relationship between excess weight and postoperative morbidity. Lung is the meanly postoperative complications in this group of patients. Therefore we propose to conduct a review of the physiology and pathophysiology of the obese patient, of respiratory complications in obese patients, the usefulness of non-invasive ventilation in the induction of anesthesia for obese patients and non-invasive ventilation in the postoperative the obese patient immediately


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/complicações , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , /métodos , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Transtornos Respiratórios/prevenção & controle , Obesidade Mórbida/fisiopatologia
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